Public toilets have always been a big problem in India. New and innovative solutions are created everyday to solve this problem. The latest in the row of toilet innovation is the E-Toilet by a company called  Eram Scientific Solutions which is a part of the Eram Group, a technology research and development company.

The company created the toilet called ‘Delight’. Delight is an automatic public toilet with automated payment collection, door opening, flushing, floor cleaning and sterilization. The GPRS enabled system allows controlling the toilet remotely by administering collection monitoring and unit health status through web application and mobile phones. Delight is equipped with a Bio Membrane Reactor that helps recycle the water and reuse it for flushing and cleaning. Solar panels are available for alternate energy needs. In the areas where drainage tank facility is not available Delight can provide a Green Eco Friendly solution to manage the waste and its disposal like the Bio Membrane tank system and the Water recycling unit.

The toilet needs around 45sqft of built space and comes with a coin validator where the insertion of coins opens the door. Delight is first in the line of world class sanitation facility in India. Around 150 toilets have already been installed and another 300 are due to be installed.

The cost of e-toilet varies from Rs.350,000 to Rs.850,000 (inclusive of bio-membrane reactor’s price). Bio-membrane reactor is a nano-technology-aided device that instantly recycles the used water and makes it ready for future use, according to an article in IBN Live. The income generating model for these toilets is the advertisement panels attached outside and the collections everyday by the users. The present installations have been made possible by funding sources like the Local Area Development Funds, local self governments, corporate social responsibility funds, Lions Clubs and NGOs and trade organizations according to an article in Business Standard.

Sustainable Comprehensive Hygiene Initiative (SUCHI) @school project

Kerala is the first state in India to offer the connected toilet facility and other states will follow soon. Eram Technologies has also joined hands with Toonz Academy and created cartoon characters on the front panels of the units to be installed in schools in Ernakulam to make students aware of cleanliness and hygiene. More information about this project is here.

Having grown up in a middle class family in India, this came as a shock to me – 88% of women in India do not have access to sanitary napkins. They resort to using rags, ashes, newspaper, dried leaves and husk according to a study by AC Nielsen. According to an article in Fastcoexist, girls who attain puberty in rural areas miss school or drop out because of their periods. As a result of unhygienic practices, more than 70% of the women suffer from reproductive tract infections, increasing the risk of contracting associated cancers according to Guardian.

Arunachalam Muruganantham, a workshop helper who lived below poverty line in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu had other plans for sanitary towels. He has created a low cost machine for making sanitary napkins. He wanted to make a low cost napkin for his wife who couldn’t afford to buy any. Creating this machine has been an arduous process for Arunachalam. He tried to get feedback from his wife and sisters who refused to discuss his creations. He approached female medical students who weren’t responsive as well. Discussing your menstrual cycle with a stranger wasn’t something any woman that Arunachalam approached was ready to do. He was experimenting with cotton at the time. At his wits end, he did some usability testing by wearing it himself and using a bladder and tube contraption to release goats blood onto his creation.

He tested different materials over the course of two years and figured that the napkins were made from cellulose from the bark of a tree. After getting some samples of the raw material from various companies, he figured out how to make the napkins. He realized that creating cellulose from pine wood fibre was no simple task. The machine needed to do that was close to half a million dollars hence the dominance of big companies in the sanitary napkin market. It took Arunachalam 4 years to create a cheaper machine to do the same task. The machine could make 1000 napkins a day. The machine was awarded the best innovation for the betterment of society by the Institute of Technology in Chennai.  The napkins cost $0.25 (13 rupees) for a package of eight.

Women using Arunachalam's creation to make low cost sanitary pads.

Arunachalam doesn’t sell his product commercially. He provides sustainable livelihood to many rural women. His company helps rural women buy one of the $2500 machines through a loan. Around 600 machines are installed across 23 states. The idea is to create small industries all over India run by women creating a product that helps women. Arunachalam created a revolution around a topic that is considered a taboo. This system driven model will hopefully create a change in the way Indian women view hygiene and health.

References

My day job is to work as an interaction designer at a world renowned innovation company called frog. While catching up on the latest design events and happenings on designmind, the reputed frog blog on design, technology and business, I came across a post about a design event in India called the India Design Forum 2012. Apparently some of the top design talent from frog will be in New Delhi to speak at this conference. I usually pride myself for keeping in touch with the design network in India where I grew up and went to undergrad school for Interior Architecture and Design, but India Design Forum rang no bells. Was this a recent government initiative, was NID involved, or another reputable design school?

There has been a recent upsurge of design groups and conferences in India. I know about the designyatra conference and the upcoming Unbox festival both of which I can safely say are amazing participatory events that have aimed to strengthen the interdisciplinary design community in India. India Design Forum seems like a new venture in the the design foray. For one, the founders are unheard of. On close research (googling I mean)  it turned out that Rajshree Pathy is the chairperson and managing director of the Rajshree Group of Companies and her partner Mitra Khoubrou runs a boutique firm called Pink Tank in UAE.

The website for the conference doesn’t reveal much other than the fact that some top design talent from all over the world has been invited with a sprinkling of local designers. You think of a designer and they are there on the roster of speakers listed on the website – from Christian Louboutin to Paola Antonelli, from Rem Koolhaas to Rohit Bal. They are all there. I hope the organizers have definite reasons to have these very specific designers at the conference. We all know that William Bissel can talk about India and small business in India but how Karim Rashid would lend to that conversation is up to our imagination. That said, varied designers from all over the world could lead to a TED like event where talks from people established in their fields could to lend to an inspiring monologue on design thinking and methodology.

The IDF blog has some dated design entries but will hopefully become more lively and event related. The facebook page in turn is doing a great job creating a buzz about the event. As we wait for more details to unravel on this event, I hope against hope that the registration fee is not sky rocketing assuming that flying, accommodating and feeding all these hot shot designers has been no easy or cheap task. However since the organizers are a far cry from being grass root designers, this is not an altogether impossible or impractical mission for them.

Inspite my cynicism surrounding this event, I am hoping this will be a great time for young, upcoming Indian designers. A time to be inspired, enlightened and entertained. Speakers like Kevin Slavin and Sam Pitroda will not disappoint in any kind of event. Smart people will inspire other smart people irrespective of the event, sponsors or the organizers. One can only hope that design becomes more relevant and participatory in developing nations like India and such conferences attract the right kind of people. The IDF conference takes place from March 2nd to 10th in New Delhi.

Video about the India Design Forum

India Future of Change is a five year initiative that focuses on getting students and professionals to compete, collaborate and co-create a better future for India. The initiative is made possible by the collaboration of IDC, IIT Bombay, CIIE, IIM-A and Financial Times and is supported by the Govt of India.

India Future of Change Design Contest was launched last year and culminated at the ‘Indialogues 2011′ conference held from Nov 19th to 20th this year. The design contest was initiated to foster design innovations to tackle some of the pressing problems plaguing India. Young minds from across the world participated in the contest and 20 finalists were chosen to showcase their work at the conference. Two grand prizes of $35,000 were given to innovations that promised massive social impact and had the best business plans.

The theme of the design contest included innovation in the following categories:
Healthcare/Special Needs
Transportation/Mobility
Digital Environment
Home Environment
Public Space Environment

The jurors included:

Abhimanyu Kulkarni, Design Director, Philips Design India

Collin Cole, Senior Vice President Frog Design, USA

John Thackara, Director, Doors of Perception, The Netherlands

Satish Gokhale, Managing Director, Design Directions India

Valerie Casey, Founder, The Designers Accord, USA

Banny Banerjee, Director, Stanford Design Program, Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford, USA

The six finalists and designs that made it to the closed door jury:

Image courtesy designboom

Oliver Blanchard from the University of Plymouth, UK. His idea was a lost cost sachet syringe – An innovative ‘safe syringe’. The syringe works by transforming the needle cap into a tool which administers drugs from a pre-filled medicine sachet. Once it has been used it is then locked in place over the needle. ensuring that it cannot be reused nor cause injury when is being disposed off. (Overseas grand prize winner)

Image courtesy designmind

Pragya Singh from the National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad designed a chair-like structure which would assist those with mild or moderate cerebral palsy to change their postures comfortably.“All cerebral palsy patients have unique complaints. So, this design has to be customized for every patient,” explains Singh. (National grand prize winner)

Image courtesy

Michael O’Brien from the University of Technology in Sydney, Australia designed a low cost solar surgical lamp. This lamp can be used in hospitals in places that are off the grid and don’t have access to continuous electricity.

Image courtsey designmind

Nektar Solomon from the University of Eindhoven, the Netherlands created the DIY manual bucket washing machine which can be used by low income households to wash clothes efficiently without investing in an expensive washing machine that needs electricity to run.

image courtsey designmind

Prasun Chokshi from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India created the water saving blue washing machine that filters and treats grey-water to produce dramatic water and cost savings.

image courtsey designmind

Rakesh Sinha from MIT Institute of Design in Pune created a battery assisted bicycle. The bike components like the battery, flywheel and the dynamo can be sold separately as an add on kit to existing bicycles.

The design space is ripe for young individuals to create culturally aware solutions for India. One of the judges remarked that ‘You cant design for India from a distance’. That stands true for designing for anyplace. Design research is an integrated part of problem solving. All the finalists had prototypes that displayed in depth understanding of the user and the problem. Such contests and collaborations promise to bring about better solutions for the end user and better possibilities for design communities across the globe. I cannot wait for another such initiative to address yet another set of human problems.

Reference Articles

designboom Article

designmind Article

Article on the cerebral palsy chair in DNA

Article on the surgical lamp by gizmag

Article on the sachet syringe

Video – Young Turks

The Indian education system is not particularly known for its hands on learning methods. The education culture still lauds rote learning and book based learning methods. One social enterprise is thinking about learning methods a bit differently. Hyderabad based Butterfly Fields recently won the case study competition themed “Democratizing Innovation: A Game Changer for Inclusive Growth” as a part of the 3rd Global Innovation Conference held by the All India Management Association.

Image courtesy 'The Hindu'

Butterfly fields is one such organization that looks into education with a lens of design thinking. They design innovative curriculum’s, hands-on activities and propagate conceptual teaching practices. They strongly believe that a person’s career choice should be based on their passions and interests and not on what the existing school structure tends to provide. Their motto is learning by doing. The idea is to make children think laterally in a supportive, neutral environment where every child can learn what they are good at. This start-up was started by alumni from prestigious schools like IIT, IIM and NID.

For now, the ways to decimate this kind of education is through summer science camps and is tied to around 25 schools and has reached over 15,000 children. They would also like to tie up with schools for round the year school workshops and then slowly try and integrate their practices into school curriculums. Along with hands on workshops, Butterfly field has other offerings like concept maps, math & science games, curriculum based content development, teacher training, mini science center, e-learning tools and more.

Non traditional schooling practices are becoming more widespread in India and other Asian countries. Focus on problem solving and design thinking is growing so as to create next generation thought leaders. The idea is to create an economy that does not dependent on cheap services for developed nations, but can create innovative companies and services for future growth and prosperity. And it all starts with good education.

Other sources
Times of India Article on Butterfly Fields
The Hindu Article on Butterfly Fields

Along the lines of Pepsi Refresh Project and GE’s Ecomagination Challenge comes Mahindra’s ‘Spark the Rise‘ Competition which is a digital challenge geared towards creating change through innovation. The campaign that is focused in India aims to get Indians to create innovative projects around six themes namely energy, transport, infrastructure, agriculture, technology and social entrepreneurship. The top ideas in each category get funding from Mahindra which is 12.8 billion dollar company and the largest automaker in India. According to the ‘Spark the Rise’ website – Each month, 8 Sparks will receive grants of 4 lakh each. In total, 48 Sparks will receive 1.92 crore over the course of 6 months. Five of these monthly winners will be selected by public vote. Of these, the 2 most-voted will be eligible to participate in the Grand Finale.

The competition received close to 1000 entries in the first round which were voted down to 8 top entries that range from a  smart irrigation automation solution to a design that prevents suicides using ceiling fans.  Mahindra is the first Indian multinational to leverage what is being called ‘movement marketing’, a term coined by Strawberry Frog that means creating awareness of the brand using various platforms and means of conversation with a group. Mahendra is also known for its Corporate Social Responsibility programs and has received the Pegasus Award for CSR in 2007.

Some interesting ideas that came out of the competition are:

Kisan Raja that is a smart irrigation automation solution and uses a GSM based remote controller to stop and start irrigation pumps.

Technology for green air conditioning and refrigeration system in vehicles that consumes negligible amount fuel with close to zero emissions.

A design that can lock any wheel of your car by a press of a switch and hence help get stuck vehicles out of slush by powering the rest of the wheels.

KPF Rainwater harvesting system that gathers large amounts of rainwater underground using a plastic sheet that acts as a conduit and allows the water to seep into the ground thereby adding to the groundwater.

Last but not the least, a project aimed at reducing suicides by the means of hanging from a ceiling fan by introducing a safety rod which gets extended when someone attempts to hang themselves.

Links referenced

Fastcompany Article
The Economic Times Article
Yahoo News Article

Sarvajal is a franchise that provides clean drinking water to India’s rural community. It is run by Piramal Water Private and was started back in 2008. Sarvajal is not only serving a social cause, it is a great example of systems thinking, brand development, franchise business development, data collection and sustainable design and technology.

Sarvajal distributes clean water using local franchises/entrepreneurs. These franchises pay for the filtration unit and operate these units in their villages. The filtration unit cleans the water using reverse osmosis and ultraviolet rays and is equipped with a monitoring device or ‘Soochak’.

The ‘Soochak’ Controller tracks or monitors all the water produced by the franchises by sending SMS’s about the quality of the water to a central Sarvajal location. All the water dispensers or water ATM’s as they are being called are connected using the phone network. Customers get access to clean water by using pre – paid cards and can charge their cards using their mobile phones. This also allows Sarvajal to collect data about water consumption by customers. Some of the smaller ATM’s are solar charged.

The enterprise management system used by Sarvajal is a platform for real time analyses of data received using the ‘Soochak’ and the RFID water ATM system. The data thus collected can be shared widely to get a clear picture of how to reach the rural and urban water consumers as well as understanding clean water consumption and health.

There are close to 127 facilities in India now serving 70,000 people and the service is gradually increasing. The presence of their logo – a blue drop is supposedly synchronous with clean drinking water. The novel business idea sells to individual rural household and uses them as a connection to the rest of the community. Innovative technology forms the back bone of this system – embedded sensors, user friendly interface and RFID prepaid cards are some of the highlights that have helped distribute water, connect people and collect data as a part of the service. As innovative technologies and business models start taking hold of the rural Indian market, leapfrogging into the future seems all the more a reality and less of a dream.

Related links
Stories from Sarvajal Turf
Inhabitat article on Sarvajal
Beyond Profile Article on Sarvajal
Fastcompany article on Sarvajal

There are close to 850 million mobile subscribers in India. Mobile penetration in India is increasing every day but that does not come as a surprise. In the past we have looked into successes like Just Dial geared towards the urban Indian and innovations like MKrishi geared towards India’s rural population. We have also covered the use of mobile as a way to disperse the news in ‘Gaon ki Awaz’ and other initiatives like Movirtu that provide mobile services to people without a mobile phone.

Mobile innovation is not new to India and the developing world, and it is taking a life of its own now.  Mobile technology is personal, ubiquitous and ever-present. It can host radio shows, be used for education, control equipment remotely, move money from one place to another and start revolutions. Redefinition of these capabilities have to led to mobile and telecom sector giants like Nokia, Samsung and Mahendra to organize mobile contests in the country to get the youth thinking about mobile innovation and design.

Bhasha 2011 is a collaborative project between Nokia Research Center and four design colleges in India and is aimed to help the young Indians get more exposure to their native languages. With increasing number of young urban Indians choosing English over their vernacular tongue, this initiative is addressing a problem that needs a solution. Getting students to design such solutions is a great way of getting them solve a problem that they are aware of and identify with. This is also a great segway for the young designers to design for technology early on.

There are a couple of interesting ideas seem to come out in the process. One of them being ‘Pitara’ by Bangalore based students from Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology. The application is a continuously growing repository of stories in vernacular languages with a bilingual dictionary functionality to decipher the stories. The idea is to learn languages through stories and contribute your own.

‘Kaccha Limbu’ by another group of students from Shristi, allows migrant students to learn languages of the state they are going to be moving to, to complete their studies. They are guided by three virtual assistants that guide, correct and quiz the students as they move towards learning the language.

‘Vijeta’ is a location based social network game. The player arrives in a new territory and visits different location and people to learn new words and find his way around.

Vijeta

50 teams belonging to top design schools like Shristi School of Art, Design and Technology, National Institute to Design, Indian Institute of Technology and Symbiosis Institute of Design took part in this initiative.

Nokia had also organized the ‘Calling all Innovator Contest’ a couple of years back.   Couple of other interesting ideas that came out of that contest were the Nano Ganesh – an application that enables farmers to check availability of power to their irrigation systems. Similar to Nano Ganesh, Bangalore based Vinifet Technologies developed Kisan Raja a GSM based controller that allows farmers to control irrigation pumps using mobile phones or handsets. An IVRS (Interactive Voice Response System) in local languages helps in making selections for switching the motors on or off. Farmers also receive voice alerts for faulty power supplies, motors that do not start, lack of water in the well/bore, and attempts at device/motor theft. This project won the first runners up for the Samsung Innovation Quotient, which is a national talent hunt to recognize innovators from all parts of India.

Another concept that won the National Telecom Award for ‘Excellence in innovation with Rural Telecom Focus’ was Saral Rozgar. Saral Rozgar links job seekers and job providers through a common database that can be easily accessed through mobile phones. All the features for the application are voice activated in various languages which allows the workers in the informal sector of India access to the service. This the first time that industrial, part time and daily/weekly wage workers in the informal sector can access organized information about employment opportunities.

Another initiative by the veterans of Salesforce and Apple that caught my eye was mpowering. Mpowering works like foursquare where is low incoming communities are given mobile phones. If their children check into places like a ‘school’ by scanning a barcode, the family gets points which can later be exchanged for household goods, clothes and food. The organization partners with non profits in poor communities and tries to pull people out of poverty by using a rewards system. The idea is to get the poor to think about long term goals and not just short term necessities. The project is already doing good work in Orissa in partnership with Citta foundation.

As mobile penetration in India increases, more and more services are being developed for mobile distribution. The time is ripe for using mobile platforms to deliver a variety of services that include education, healthcare, agriculture, journalism, way-finding etc. Things that smart phone owners take for granted can create huge shifts in the lives of rural and BOP population in developing nations. The challenge is to develop these services for cheap feature phones and not just smart phones so that a larger user base can avail the services that these devices are capable of delivering and thereby facilitate large scale social change.

Additional Links

Learn local lingo using a mobile application

Green Phone and Nano Ganesh

Annual India report for Mobile innovation 2011

Fastcompany article on Mpowering

Mobile apps in rural India

Nokia’s idea project

Local language learning goes mobile

Rahul Mehrotra a practicing architect and urban designer in Mumbai and Boston, where he also teaches at Harvard University was on a seven city tour in India to launch his most recent publication – Architecture in India: Since 1990.

In Mumbai the book was launched at Project88. Nestled in Colaba in a warehouse like building, this avant-garde and trendy gallery space, that earlier used to be a printing press made for an apt location for Mehrotra’s book launch.

In this survey of the contemporary Indian built environment Mehrotra classifies the buildings not based on typologies but places them under four lenses – Global Practice, Regional Manifestation, Alternate Practice and Counter Modernism.

Economic liberalization and rapid growth is influencing the architecture and planning of most Indian cities. The country as Mehrotra mentions is “plagued by an impatient capital and it is capitalism that is shaping our cities.” After independence as India looked to establish it’s identity iconic buildings were being built under the responsibility of the state. Today the state’s are engaged in building and developing Infrastructure.

Global Practice

These buildings are a result of our impatient capital. These structures are short-sighted and could be anywhere in the world as they are devoid of cultural context, “They draw disproportionately from the infrastructure and resources of the city so essentially, they are parasitic!” Often these glass enveloped buildings are made to establish India’s position in the Global market and make it a front-runner for foreign investments.

Mehrotra shared images of the Imperial Twin Towers by Hafeez Contractor in Mumbai, the one that shall not be named as Mehrotra chose to address it (Antilla) by Perkins+WIll, the unrealized India Tower by FxFowle and various airports like the Mumbai International Airport by SOM, Chennai Kamraj International Airport and Vadodara International Airport by Gensler. I must admit I was guilty of playing a part on two of the above mentioned projects.

Regional Manifestation

These buildings are sensitive to the site and respond to the cultural context. Materials are meticulously chosen responding to the textures of the region. Here he highlighted Charles Correa’s Salt Lake City Center in Kolkata, a shopping mall that is not a glass box but an inclusive public space. It reminds one of the traditional open market places.

Alternate Practice

Sustainability, low costs, local materials are some of the key instruments used in developing these buildings. Architects engaging in this practice are “custodians of vernacular,” said Mehrotra. Citing Laurie Baker’s Center for Development Studies that has inspired many architects to build with local materials practice sustainable methods and experiment.

Counter Modernism

Most of the buildings in this typology are faith-based buildings. Using cutting edge technology and artisans the scale of these structures is monumental. “While they use un-modern and sometimes ancient aesthetics, their idealism, connection with society and explorations with technologies make them extraordinary experiments,” said Mehrotra. He features projects such as the Matri Mandir in Auroville and the Vipassana Pagoda in Gorai, that is a column free structure and can hold 8000 meditators at any given time.

Not many publications exist on contemporary Indian Architecture, in that regard Mehrotra’s book fills the void. This is a well documented book that gives us a qualitative analysis of the pluralistic architectural landscape in India.

India is a country where one’s identity is heavily defined by class and caste relation. If you are one of the 400 million Indians living in poverty, this can be a harsh reality to deal with. The government invests millions in anti-poverty programs every year but the final recipients are usually never the intended ones. India’s public welfare system is well know for its inefficiency, the worst part being that the poor are not aware about the benefits they are entitled to. A big chunk of India’s poor belong to its informal economy, they are unregistered, get paid less than minimum wages, don’t have bank accounts or benefits and don’t pay taxes. Getting an identity card which could connect one to government benefits means getting a ration card, drivers license, a voters identity card or a PAN card. This means wrestling with the already rotting bureaucratic system of government of India, for an ID system that does not guarantee migration and mobility.

The government is making an attempt to solve this problem by creating the world’s largest biometric database which will be a collection of 1.2 billion identities. The idea is to attach a 12 digit ID to every Indian national. The system requires an iris scan and a thumbprint which is attached to a 12 digit number.  The number system also known as Aadhar will be used to verify the identity of an India using a hand held device. The number will also be linked to a bank account which might be used later by the government to move from indirect benefits into direct cash transfers. In short the project will allow easy access to formal banking and easy distribution of benefits to India’s poor.

Application Architecture

India has long been the back office of the world which has led to its massive economic leap, using technology for its own good seems like a natural solution one could say. The Indian government has created its own little startup team. The project is being overseen by Nandan Nilekhani, one of the founders of infosys.

There are a lot of other concerns around the project, ranging from violation of privacy to the credibility of biometric technology.  There are also concerns around the length of the program (it is supposed to carry on for 10 years) and the expense of the project ($326 million is budgeted for the next financial year).

The ‘aam aadmi’ (the common man in Hindi) seems happy based on the interactive feature on NY times on the subject. Some stories are heart wrenching especially the one about police corruption where a family almost got deported to Bangladesh because they didn’t have any identification papers and looked Bangladeshi. They had to pay a 3000 rupee bribe to the cops to let them go. There are concerns about privacy violations of the information in the central database when share with other agencies, but the good may outweigh the bad in a very big way.

The quote by Muhammad Jalil, a rickshaw wala (quoted from the NY times)  aptly sums up the article and gives the naysayers some food for though.

“That will give me an identity,” he said, gesturing at the computer station where he had just completed his enrollment. “It will show that I am a human being, that I am alive, that I live on this planet. It will prove I am an Indian.”

Additional links

Unique Identification Authority of India

What the UID conceals

India’s Identity project on NY times

India tries to connect the poor to growth on NY times

Aadhar, Scalability and Data management Challenges – PDF by Dr Pramod K Sharma, Chief Architect, UIDAI

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